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The future of Invisibility (Part II)

Unlike the silky and shiny fabric that covers the young Potter in his adventures, the first invisibility cloak achieved by science is a bit less attractive. No bigger than a plate and consists of 10 concentric rings of a special tape made of fiberglass and copper, all in a package that measures just an inch tall. Construct was chosen so to simplify the experiment, so the coating was designed to work in two dimensions and only with microwave explains the press release issued by Duke University.

Through it, the scientists made several experiments in which managed a small copper cylinder was "invisible" to a microwave beam shot him. David Schurig, a developer of the unit, said in a video distributed to press the same way that the river water flowing around a stone and downstream is not possible to distinguish the interruption, which makes this armor is to guide the microwaves around a central region and build on the other hand, This reduces the absorption and refraction of waves so that any object placed in the "hole" will not alter the electromagnetic field.

The article published in the journal Science last November disclosed that the tests were conducted in a special chamber in which the microwaves can only travel through the layer. The instruments enabled generate images that illustrate the behavior of microwaves as they advanced into the chamber. First we studied the distribution of electromagnetic waves moving through space. In a second stage mapped the path of the waves by placing the copper cylinder without the cloak of invisibility and finally images were made with the cylinder in the center of the layer. By comparing the images could see how the coating was able to restore the airwaves nearly to its original state.

A tailored coat

In the fairy tale "The Emperor's New Clothes", a pair of swindlers into believing the emperor and his court that the material that comes from their looms is invisible to the eyes of the ignorant. To the shame of being considered stupid all extolling the virtues of an invisible and nonexistent.

What has emerged from the laboratories of the School of Engineering at Duke is one of the most advanced materials technology. Clearly visible, the secret of invisibility cloak is a technology called metamaterials. In nature the material properties are determined by their chemistry, the properties of metamaterials depend on their physical structure. They are artificially created elements whose structure has been planned and designed primarily to generate specific responses to certain electromagnetic fields says Dr. Eric Rose.

layer Duke's invisibility is composed of fiberglass tape in which they have woven shoes and tiny copper wires. The design, size and structure of these applications of copper have been carefully calculated to interact in a specific form of microwaves.

When microwaves hit the metamaterial tapes, they excite the copper structures, which are designed and arranged to produce electromagnetic forces can trap microwaves and guiding them on the surface of concentric rings to reconstruct their original state at the end travel.

In the words of its creators, the layer is one of the most elaborate metamaterial structures that have been designed and produced. It also represents one of the most comprehensive approach to invisibility yet realized, with the potential to get to hide objects of any size and composition.


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Although the invisibility cloak demonstrates the feasibility of theoretical proposals of its designers, the discoveries represent only a baby step in the way of applying this technology to the field of invisibility says Steven Cummer, another member of the Researchers, in an opinion cited in the press release from Duke University.

"What we have here is a whole new way of controlling light and electromagnetic fields," said John Pendry, a team member and director of the layer one of the world's leading theory of metamaterials. "We thought about hiding things and use to block magnetic fields, but I'd be very surprised if that was all I could do with this"

Dr. Eric Rose of the National Metrology Center explains that the main and most immediate application of this technology is in the field of telecommunications and photonics. For their properties, these new materials are able to bend and concentrate the waves in ways hitherto unthinkable. This opens the possibility of using them to save blockages that cause interference to radio or television. Another important application is the leap from electronics to photonics, logic circuits that run on light instead of electricity.

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The future of invisibility (Part I)

Invisible Man HG Wells, Sue Richards of the Fantastic Four, the Klingon ships from Star Trek, science fiction has a wide variety of embroidery dreams of invisibility, but in reality, the trick is a little more complicated. In recent years nanotechnology, quantum physics and photonics start to blur the line between reality and fiction with the first cuts that take us to wear the invisibility.

In a laboratory school of engineering at Duke University in North Carolina, David R. Smith and David Schurig have woven the first invisibility cloak. Instead of a right and two setbacks, the tissue is composed these researchers developed a new type of material called "metamaterials" whose special features allow you to open a hole in the fabric of light and thus have a first look at the invisibility .

More than one layer such as Harry Potter, the proposal to Duke University for invisibility armor resembles a silicon and copper. The approach theory for this experiment was published in the journal Science in May last year. But when in November two American and his English colleague Sir John Pendry of Imperial College in London gave the news that had been experimentally his theory, took the world by storm. While it is not the only proposal, if one that has received most attention from the media for being a reality.

Lessons to disappear

We can see an object because light from any source either sun or light reaches it. By giving him some light is absorbed and some "bounce" to us, says Dr. Eric Rose, coordinator Scientific Optics and Radiometry Division of the National Metrology Centre. Our eyes perceive different wavelengths of light reflected from the object and along with the brain process these feelings to rebuild his real form.

Invisibility - define Dr. Rosas - is possible when we get that the object does not reflect or absorb light, ie when we get the light waves passing through its position to reach our eyes without any alteration. To accomplish this two ways: the first would make the object becomes transparent and allows light to pass through. The other way is to make the light rays to bend the path of a light wave will "kick around" the object and continue as if nothing had happened.

If we choose to make transparent an object or person, this means seriously change their chemical composition and thereby jeopardizing its existence. As one of the graces of invisibility is to enjoy it, we can eliminate the first option.

On the contrary if we chose door number two, there are more elements with which we work. Naturally it is possible to "bend" a ray of light through its interaction with the material it touches. One example is the air and water, both media are transparent and allow the passage of light, but altered its original path. When it puts a pencil in a glass of water, pencil appears to break, this optical illusion is caused by the change of path of light passing from one medium to another. This phenomenon is called refraction and is determined by how light interacts with materials. Therefore if we alter the characteristics of the materials upon which impinges a light beam, then you may also change the effects these materials have with light.

Dr. Eric Rose explains that light is a type of electromagnetic radiation such as microwaves, radio waves, X rays or infrared rays. The difference between radiation and the other is the size of the wave or wavelength. The materials do not react equally to all waves, depending on their length, these energies can be absorbed, reflected or deflected. A red shirt, for example, we see red because the material it is made absorbs all colors except red, that is only able to interact with the wavelength of that color. Because the light our eyes can perceive is composed of multiple wavelengths, achieving invisibility "visible" means to get a single material meets a variety of waves.