The term "arrow of time" was created by Arthur Eddington to reveal the directional nature of it. This direction shows that the phenomena occur in the order goes from past to future. The directional nature of time is linked to the linear conception of it and one-dimensional character, who joined the three-dimensional space is the space-time.
The notion of an irreversible direction of time is relatively recent. In ancient cultures dominated by a circular conception of it, connected to the cyclical nature of natural phenomena such as tides, solstices and seasons. Biographical experience of growth, aging and death stood in the context of cyclical time, so that was considering a return. One of the classical formulations of the cyclical conception of time is the notion of ecpírosis of the Stoics. But the Judeo-Christian tradition, marked by the thesis of an initial creation and end times or eschaton, together with the irreversibility of the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus (think it would be absurd to argue that the Christian view God dies repeatedly in a continuous cycle of returns), leading to sustain a linear and time-oriented, conceived to flow from the past into the future. This linear conception is the basis of the concepts of progress and evolution.
However, all equations of physics are reversible with respect to time, ie that all equations of physics, time can be understood as a magnitude reversible or whatever it is, all equations are symmetric with respect to time, with few exceptions. But the second law of thermodynamics (which Bergson called the most metaphysical of the laws of physics), noting that the entropy of isolated systems increases, provides a criterion for deciding the time orientation. For example, if you break a glass and explodes into a large number of fragments has increased the entropy (the system becomes more "disorder"). Thus, experience shows that never spontaneously becomes the cup to recompose. According to Boltzmann's interpretation, this is not because it is absolutely impossible (theoretically it is not because, as we said, all physical equations, in the tradition of classical physics, are symmetrical with respect to time), but because highly improbable. The increase in entropy allows us to distinguish between past and future. This finding is known as "thermodynamic arrow of time."
recently have addressed the nature of physical time from the physical and chemical sciences, leading to other perspectives that complement the classical thermodynamic concept of the arrow of time. Thus, from the study of systems far from equilibrium, some authors, such as Prigogine, for example, have highlighted the essentially irreversible nature of time, so that this irreversibility does not depend only on the remotest chance of an event that generates greater entropy can be the reverse, but the directional nature of time and its irreversibility are you involved. In fact, the reflection of Prigogine is more accurate in the field of chemistry and so-called far from equilibrium systems, closer to the paradigm of life sciences than of physics that deals primarily with the inert. Therefore, it is not surprising that from this point of view, more emphasis on the phenomena of irreversibility as though from the physical perspective predominates the notion of growth of entropy, from the biological perspective (evolution, step to complex, creation of culture, increased information, etc.) dominates the notion of irreversibility. In this context, also located research on chaos, that explain phenomena of self-organization from apparently unstructured defined systems (although still semi-deterministic models, engendering a paradoxical concept: that of randomly predictable, though not fully deterministic in the classical sense) . Psychologically
the directionality of time is shown by noting that there are memories of the past, but no memory of the future. This finding is called "psychological arrow of time."
Moreover, modern cosmology, based mostly on the Big Bang hypothesis, holds that the universe is expanding, which determines the so-called cosmological arrow of time. " Stephen Hawking as the three arrows of time are united, maintain the same direction and are related to the so-called anthropic principle * but, as Roger Penrose, is the unification of physical theories of relativity and quantum mechanics (quantum theory gravity) that allow a real understanding of the arrow of time.
*
stopped reading the story at the point where a character left to read the story in the place where a person stopped reading and headed to the house where someone had been expecting to read a story to kill time and reached the place where a person stopped reading and headed to the house where someone who had been expected to read a story to kill time .
* Term introduced by cosmologist Brandon Carter in 1973 to explain the conditions that make possible the existence of human beings in the universe.
According to the anthropic principle, if the characteristics physical universe were not correct (ie that the electromagnetic interaction is adequate to allow the formation of atoms, the nuclear force is adequate to allow the formation of atomic nuclei, etc..), then we ourselves be here.
The notion of an irreversible direction of time is relatively recent. In ancient cultures dominated by a circular conception of it, connected to the cyclical nature of natural phenomena such as tides, solstices and seasons. Biographical experience of growth, aging and death stood in the context of cyclical time, so that was considering a return. One of the classical formulations of the cyclical conception of time is the notion of ecpírosis of the Stoics. But the Judeo-Christian tradition, marked by the thesis of an initial creation and end times or eschaton, together with the irreversibility of the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus (think it would be absurd to argue that the Christian view God dies repeatedly in a continuous cycle of returns), leading to sustain a linear and time-oriented, conceived to flow from the past into the future. This linear conception is the basis of the concepts of progress and evolution.
However, all equations of physics are reversible with respect to time, ie that all equations of physics, time can be understood as a magnitude reversible or whatever it is, all equations are symmetric with respect to time, with few exceptions. But the second law of thermodynamics (which Bergson called the most metaphysical of the laws of physics), noting that the entropy of isolated systems increases, provides a criterion for deciding the time orientation. For example, if you break a glass and explodes into a large number of fragments has increased the entropy (the system becomes more "disorder"). Thus, experience shows that never spontaneously becomes the cup to recompose. According to Boltzmann's interpretation, this is not because it is absolutely impossible (theoretically it is not because, as we said, all physical equations, in the tradition of classical physics, are symmetrical with respect to time), but because highly improbable. The increase in entropy allows us to distinguish between past and future. This finding is known as "thermodynamic arrow of time."
recently have addressed the nature of physical time from the physical and chemical sciences, leading to other perspectives that complement the classical thermodynamic concept of the arrow of time. Thus, from the study of systems far from equilibrium, some authors, such as Prigogine, for example, have highlighted the essentially irreversible nature of time, so that this irreversibility does not depend only on the remotest chance of an event that generates greater entropy can be the reverse, but the directional nature of time and its irreversibility are you involved. In fact, the reflection of Prigogine is more accurate in the field of chemistry and so-called far from equilibrium systems, closer to the paradigm of life sciences than of physics that deals primarily with the inert. Therefore, it is not surprising that from this point of view, more emphasis on the phenomena of irreversibility as though from the physical perspective predominates the notion of growth of entropy, from the biological perspective (evolution, step to complex, creation of culture, increased information, etc.) dominates the notion of irreversibility. In this context, also located research on chaos, that explain phenomena of self-organization from apparently unstructured defined systems (although still semi-deterministic models, engendering a paradoxical concept: that of randomly predictable, though not fully deterministic in the classical sense) . Psychologically
the directionality of time is shown by noting that there are memories of the past, but no memory of the future. This finding is called "psychological arrow of time."
Moreover, modern cosmology, based mostly on the Big Bang hypothesis, holds that the universe is expanding, which determines the so-called cosmological arrow of time. " Stephen Hawking as the three arrows of time are united, maintain the same direction and are related to the so-called anthropic principle * but, as Roger Penrose, is the unification of physical theories of relativity and quantum mechanics (quantum theory gravity) that allow a real understanding of the arrow of time.
*
stopped reading the story at the point where a character left to read the story in the place where a person stopped reading and headed to the house where someone had been expecting to read a story to kill time and reached the place where a person stopped reading and headed to the house where someone who had been expected to read a story to kill time .
sequences. Papers
unexpected Julio Cortazar
unexpected Julio Cortazar
* Term introduced by cosmologist Brandon Carter in 1973 to explain the conditions that make possible the existence of human beings in the universe.
According to the anthropic principle, if the characteristics physical universe were not correct (ie that the electromagnetic interaction is adequate to allow the formation of atoms, the nuclear force is adequate to allow the formation of atomic nuclei, etc..), then we ourselves be here.
Source: Dictionary of Philosophy Ed Herder
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